[The Career Tributes]: District 1 (Luxury) & District 2 (Masonry)

Districts 1 & 2 are known as "Career" Districts to their fellow Tributes. District 4 sometimes shares this honor, though not every time. During most canonical Hunger Games (though not all) Districts 1 & 2 join together to create a "Career Pack" which hunts down and kills the majority of their competitors.

Bonuses -

Combat Bonus -
Tributes from these Districts immediately have more knowledge of weaponry prior to the Games beginning, meaning they are open to using weapons of ANY KIND with expert skill, which increases their strength and ability to block/parry with their weapons. They can use throwing and shooting weapons such as tomahawks, knives, crossbows, bows, etc. with relative ease if trained with prior to the Games. And finally, they will have extra hand-to-hand training prior to the Games, giving them an edge in unarmed combat.

Penalties -

Heavy Upkeep -
Tributes from these Districts will be required to eat / hydrate 2x as often as their competitors. Starvation and Dehydration will affect those of these Districts much faster than it will their competitors thanks to the Tributes muscle mass. Weakness and Fatigue will greatly affect their ability to fight, even more so than their opponents.

[The Brain Tributes]: District 3 (Technology) & District 5 (Power)

District's 3 & 5 are noted for having especially smart Tributes in the Canon. District 3 was mentioned in both the 74th and 75th as having exceptionally talented Tributes and Victors, while Foxface of the 74th was noted for her intelligent gameplay. These Tributes generally suck at combat, but more than make up for it in working with their supplies and their environment.

Bonuses -

Intelligent Bonus -
Tributes from these Districts can learn an additional Non-Combat skill while in Training. This may include anything from identifying poisonous materials to using machinery one might find in the Arena or even just fire-starting. Either way, they are capable of learning extra abilities, which might just save their lives.

Penalties -

Weak Arm -
Tributes from these Districts are very weak thanks to their District's occupations. They have limited physical stressors, meaning they are pretty much useless in a frontal assault of any kind, even against a weaker Tribute. They cannot block heavy weapons or long-range weapons at all.

Survival Failure -
Tributes from District 3 were noted as having "Ashen" skin, indicating they spend a vast amount of their time indoors and out of sunlight. Using this, and their general incompetence in Survival Situations, it is likely they have no outside interactions which could aid them in Survivalist Situations. District 5 is included in this because Foxface died to Nightlock Poisoning, despite being shown using a plant identification station in the Training scenes.

[The Environmental Tributes] District 4 (Fishing) & District 7 (Lumber)

Districts 4 and 7 are noted for living in pretty diverse environments. While 4 lives mainly on the coast, fishing and gathering all manner of seafood for the Capitol, 7 lives up in the forested regions of the north, living and working in all manner of conditions. Their living arrangements offer them foreknowledge of some arenas and give them skills others are sorely lacking in.

Bonuses -

Extra-Terrain Movement -
District 4 Tributes can swim, a luxury almost no other District possesses. In fact the only persons noted for swimming besides the Careers in the novels and books are the Tributes of District 5 and Katniss, both doing so during the Bloodbath of the 75th Hunger Games. District 7 Tributes are able to climb extremely well, thanks to their constant living and working around Trees. Even the biggest and heaviest among them can scale a tree effectively in no time.

Specialist Weaponry -
Tributes of District 4 can use Tridents, Spears, Knives, and Nets somewhat effectively, regardless of their age. Tributes of District 7 can use all varieties of axes and heavy weaponry, as well as ropes, snares, traps, etcetera.

[District 4 Only] Crafting Ability -
Tributes of District 4 are noted for crafting some of the supplies they use. This includes Mags' fishhooks and Finnick's nets, both of which were hand crafted and used in the Games to help them survive.

[District 7 Only] Plant Identification -
Tributes of District 7 can self-sustain themselves in a forested environment through a variety of means. Chief among these is the ability to identify edible plants.

Penalties -

Environmental Weakness -
When not in their natural environment, Tributes can be seen as weaker than normal. For example, a District 7 Tribute in a Plains Arena won't have access to the plants / cover they normally have, and so will be like any average Tribute, losing some of their advantages. The same can be said of a District 4 Tribute not around any water. They simply lose some of their advantages.

Heavy Upkeep -
Tributes from these Districts will be required to eat / hydrate 2x as often as their competitors. Starvation and Dehydration will affect those of these Districts much faster than it will their competitors thanks to the Tributes muscle mass. Weakness and Fatigue will greatly affect their ability to fight, even more so than their opponents.

Specialist Weaponry -
Tributes from these Districts cannot learn to use other weapon classes due to their bodies being honed to use the tools from their Home Districts, so Tributes from 4 are limited to knife and spear type weaponry, while Tributes from 7 are almost exclusively limited to axes (or other heavy swinging weapons).

[The Mechanical Tributes] District 6 (Transportation) & District 8 (Textiles)

The Tributes of 6 and 8 work with heavy machinery most of the day, but have limited knowledge as they live and work in a factory-type assembly line setting. Each person has a set job he or she must do to move their work forward, and they live in run-down cities with barely any greenery around.

Bonuses -

Open Minded -
Tributes from these Districts have no chance of ever using weaponry prior to the Games, unlike every other District in Panem. Thus, they can learn any weapon during the Training Period besides long-range weapons such as the bow. Even throwing weapons are capable of being taught to them.

Penalties -

Survival Failure -
Tributes from these Districts have no knowledge of the outside world. District 6 is noted as being the largest District in all of Panem, several times larger than District 2, the second largest. District 8 lives in ruined cities with barely a blade of grass in sight. These Districts have no chance to practice any sort of Survivalist skills prior to the Games.

[The Green Tributes] District 9 (Grains) & District 11 (Agriculture)

Tributes from 9 and 11 live and work in nature all day, every day. Their constant work ethic makes them strong, their environment makes them resilient, and their knowledge of plants makes them the best Survivalists out of the entire cast of Tributes almost every year.

Bonuses -

Plant Identification -
Like 7, Districts 9 and 11 can identify edible plants from a wide variety. They can also identify poisonous plants, plants that can aid or harm other Tributes, etcetera. They can self-sustain themselves in almost any environment, so long as there are plants around.

Specialist Weaponry -
District 9 and 11 offer their Tributes the ability to use many weapons prior to the Games in their work. Weapons such as Scythes, Sickles, Machetes, etcetera may be used by Tributes of these Districts with ease. Basically any weaponry a farm-worker would be capable of using.

Penalties -

Weak Arm -
Tributes from these Districts are oftentimes starved, making them weak prior to the Games. They cannot block most heavy weapons successfully, and cannot learn how to use such weapons prior to the Games.

[The Poor Tributes] District 10 (Livestock) & District 12 (Mining)

Districts 10 and 12 are noted for being among the poorest and least-admired Districts of Panem. Their Tributes have no real knowledge of Survivalist or Environmental techniques, and generally show no ability with weaponry even during the Games.

Bonuses -

Open Minded -
Tributes from these Districts have limited chances of ever using weaponry prior to the Games, unlike every other District in Panem. Thus, they can learn any weapon during the Training Period besides long-range weapons such as the bow. Even throwing weapons are capable of being taught to them.

Age Range -
A Tribute of 18 years of age from these Districts will have some knowledge which may help them in the Games. A District 12 Tribute will know how to use long-handled weapons like picks and explosives. A District 10 Tribute will know how to use Ropes, Snares, and short-range weapons like knives rather well. A Tribute who is 18 does not have the Open Minded Bonus.

Penalties -

Weak Arm -
Tributes from these Districts are oftentimes starved, making them weak prior to the Games. They cannot block most heavy weapons successfully, and cannot learn how to use such weapons prior to the Games.

Survival Failure -
Tributes from these Districts have no knowledge of the outside world. District 12 does have a few children who go out into the woods to hunt and forage in order to survive, but VERY few. In their District, most see the woods as too dangerous.